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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中，年年必考的題型還包括一個(gè)：詞匯題。即通過(guò)指出原文中的一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)(往往用下劃線標(biāo)明)，要求準(zhǔn)確理解其意思，意在考察考生在不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞的情況下對(duì)上下文的理解能力。對(duì)于這一題型，沖刺通關(guān)階段必須要妥妥滴攻克。

一、詞匯題常見(jiàn)考查方式

詞匯題常見(jiàn)考查對(duì)象有四種：對(duì)大綱內(nèi)常見(jiàn)詞匯的生僻含義的考察;對(duì)超綱詞匯的考察;對(duì)代詞所指代內(nèi)容的考察;句子理解題(往往涉及對(duì)句中某一關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)的理解)。題干命題模式主要有：

The phrase (word, sentence) “...” (in line...) most probably means...

By “...”, the writer (probably ) means...

What does the author probably mean by “...” in... paragraph?

The phrase (word, sentence) suggests...

From the passage, we can infer that the word “...”is...

According to passage, what is “...” ?

When the author says that..., he means...

二、詞匯題破解關(guān)鍵：上下文

詞匯題的存在意義不是讓你憑空去猜，而是讓你理解文章，因此，破解關(guān)鍵就隱藏在上下文中。大多情況下，要求解釋的詞匯或短語(yǔ)附近會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些提示詞，通常會(huì)以同義詞或者反義詞的形式出現(xiàn)，只要在上下文中仔細(xì)尋找，不難找到。此外，還可以根據(jù)句間關(guān)系來(lái)判斷。句間關(guān)系共有五大類：因果、比較、否定、轉(zhuǎn)折，并列，有時(shí)句中的一個(gè)單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，通過(guò)句間關(guān)系能夠推斷出作者想借它表達(dá)的意思。

三、真題鏈接

Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. (2010年真題)

The word “about-face” (Line 1) most probably means：

[A] loss of good will

[B] increase of hostility

[C] change of attitude

[D] enhancement of dignity

解析：about-face 之前是curb“控制”，而之后是approving“贊同”，很明顯兩者是對(duì)立關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)A“好的意愿的消失”，選項(xiàng)B“敵意的增加”，選項(xiàng)D“尊嚴(yán)的提升”，表達(dá)的都是同一性，而不是相對(duì)性，只有選項(xiàng)C“態(tài)度的變化”，既然是變化就體現(xiàn)出來(lái)相對(duì)性，因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

詞匯考察是表象，關(guān)鍵還是要讀懂上下文。掌握了這點(diǎn)，即便再難猜的單詞也可以輕松按圖索驥，找出其隱藏在上下文的意思。祝你閱讀、詞匯雙通關(guān)，考試成功!