Before I enter on the subject I have something to say. 在討論這一問題之前,我有些話要說。
They led a miserable life before their hometown was liberated. 他們家鄉(xiāng)解放前生活很苦。
2,譯成“(后)??才”。副詞“才”在漢語中表示某事發(fā)生得晚或慢。如果在含有before從句的復合句中,強調(diào)從句動作發(fā)生得晚或慢時,就可以應用這種譯法。這里又有兩種情況,一種是主句主語為名詞或代詞,另一種是主語與非人稱it。
The train had left before he got to the station.火車開了他才到車站。
It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎過了好大一會兒才輪到我。
從語言的發(fā)展來看,一個詞總會有一個最原始的或最基本的詞義(叫做本義),而其他的詞義是由這個詞發(fā)展或引申而來的(叫做引申義)。引申,就是由原義產(chǎn)生新義。選擇詞義難就難在這個“新”字上。一是英語單詞本身已有引申義。這就要勤查字典,從諸多詞義中去挑選最合適的詞義。二是詞典中所有詞義都不貼切,要根據(jù)漢譯的需要去創(chuàng)造新義,而新義又必須與本義相關聯(lián)。如good一詞在英語中已有引申義“strong, vigorous (強健的,有力的)”。因此,His eyesight is still good.一句應譯為“他的視力仍然很強。”(good由“好的”引申為“強的”)。而在下面的例句中,good可引申為“高度的”。 To produce strong X-rays the tube had to be made a very good vacuum. 管子要產(chǎn)生強的射線,就必須制成高度的真空。
8,the rocket travels better through vacuum than it des through the air. 火箭穿過真空比穿過空氣容易。(good引申譯為“容易”)
9,A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.電變?yōu)閯恿Φ牡湫屠邮请娷嚒?good example引申譯為“典型的例子”)
10,In the absence of an outdoor aerial this telescopic aerial will give a good picture if the transmitter signal is sufficiently strong.在無室外天線時,若發(fā)射機的信號很強,這種拉桿天線可產(chǎn)生清晰的圖象(good picture引申譯為“清晰的圖象”)
11,Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number of cases.激光有許多顯著的特性,這些特性使它在許多情況下成為一種更理想的光源。(good引申譯為“理想的”)
(2)、有益的
Milk is good food for children.牛奶對小孩是有益的。漢譯時引申:
1,good gradient平緩的坡度
2,It is no good heating the material to such a temperature.把材料加熱到這樣的溫度是不恰當?shù)摹?good引申為“恰當?shù)?rdquo;)
(3)、能勝任的;有能力的;能干的 漢譯時引申:
1,a good chess player高明的棋手
2,A good human translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a day.一個熟練的翻譯人員一天也許能翻譯兩千到三千個詞。(good引申譯為“熟練的”)
(4)、徹底的;完全的
The workers gave the machine a good checking.工人們對機器進行了徹底的檢查。漢譯時引申:
1,have a good drink喝個痛快
2,It has been thought of making good use of the sun\"s energy to serve the well-being of the people.我們早就設想過充分利用太陽能來為自己造福。(good引申譯為“充分”)
3,This set consumes so little power that a good 12 volt car battery can still start your car after you have been watching TV for 10 hours.本機耗電極少,因而具有12伏足電的汽車蓄電池在你看電視十小時后仍能用于開車。(good引申為“充足的”)
4,Rivers provide good sources of hydropower.河流具有豐富的水力資源。 (good引申譯為“豐富的”)
5,The CE circuit is widely favored since it can be designed for good voltage and current gains. CE電路得到廣泛的使用,因為它能獲得高電壓增益和高電流增益。(good... gains引申譯為“高??增益”)
(5)、可靠的;安全的;確實的
a car with good brakes剎車可靠的汽車 a good investment安全的投資漢譯時引申: good debts確可償還的債務