比如,03年第四篇閱讀第一句話It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitableand in California optional. 這句話中,in Canada 與inevitable, in California 與optional 之間,省略了主語death, 翻譯是,必須補(bǔ)充出來。“據(jù)說,在英國死亡很緊迫,在加拿大死亡不可避免,在加利福尼亞死亡可以選擇。”
又比如,
How well the predictionswill be validated by later performance// depends upon the amount, reliability,and appropriateness of the information used// and on the skill and wisdom//with which it is interpreted。(95年,72題)
句子結(jié)構(gòu)是 How well.。。引導(dǎo)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是主語從句,How well是主語從句中的狀語前置,depends是句子謂語,depends后面兩個介詞短語作并列賓語upon...and on..., the information used是名詞+定語,with which it is interpreted定語從句,先行詞是theskill and wisdom,代詞it指代theinformation
本句主干的謂語部分是動詞短語dependupon….and on…。所帶的兩個并列的賓語部分,and on the skill and wisdomwith which it is interpreted. 是謂語動詞部分第二個并列的賓語,因?yàn)槭桥c前面的dependupon相并列的,所以在翻譯時,可以加上動詞depend,翻譯為“取決于…還取決于…。”
Children will play withdolls equipped with personality chips, //computers with in-built personalitieswill be regarded as workmates rather than tools, //relaxation will be in frontof smell- television,// and digital age will have arrived。(01年,72題)
主干結(jié)構(gòu)是幾個并列的簡單句:Childrenwill play with dolls..., computers...will be regarded as..., relaxation will bein front of..., and digital age will have arrived。
dolls帶有過去分詞短語equipped with personality chips做定語,computers的后置定語是介詞短語with in-built personalities,personalities等于personality chips,賓語workmates rather thantools是并列結(jié)構(gòu),表示選擇。
本句出現(xiàn)了幾個表示將來時態(tài)的詞will,及表示將來完成時態(tài)的will have done,為了表現(xiàn)這幾個時態(tài),就可以用增加時態(tài)詞的翻譯技巧,在漢語譯文中增加“將,將要,屆時,到時”,將來完成時態(tài)可以增加“就要,屆時”等詞來翻譯。
There is more agreement onthe kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpretor classify them。
全句屬于there be +N. 結(jié)構(gòu),全句還包含了一個more…than 的比較結(jié)構(gòu),前后結(jié)構(gòu)對稱,都是接了一個句子。agreement 后面跟了on the kinds of behavior 做其后置定語,behavior 后面又跟了過去分詞referred to by the term作其后置定語;而than there is 后面又省略了一個相同的詞匯agreement. 所以全句理解為:There(there be結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯-增加泛指主語) is more(比較結(jié)構(gòu)) agreement on the kinds ofbehavior referred to by the term than(比較結(jié)構(gòu)) there is 省略(agreement)on how to interpret or classify them(指代關(guān)系)。